![]() ![]() This special pattern is made up of raised ridges and tiny valleys that form what we know as "fingerprints." These patterns are additionally enriched with pores that secrete perspiration below the skin's surface, making fingerprints exclusive to each person. Unlike snowflakes or leaves, you have a unique identifier that lies within your fingertips. Such features include: location (tips or bases of your fingers), ridge flow (the ridges' direction), ridge density (number of ridges and furrows in that area) as well as certain special patterns like spirals or circular arches.īut why are fingerprints so reliable? And how do they work as a form of identification? By taking advantage of these additional details, it is possible to improve fingerprint identification when more typical sub-types have not been successful.īeyond the three primary fingerprint types and their sub-variants, a number of other elements are used to classify fingerprints for different purposes. In addition to the primary patterns of friction ridges, other unique features such as cones and spurs are also present on your fingers. ![]() Tented arches are typically used in specialized forensic analysis applications, as they can be more difficult to identify correctly than other sub-types. The American System Primary of the above example would be 3/21.įor a Henry Classification Primary to match an American System Primary, whorls must appear in all 10 fingers (32/32) or in no fingers at all (1/1).These patterns have the same characteristics as arches but with an additional inward curve in the center of the loop. vġ (the base value) + 16 + 4 which equals 21. The LEFT Hand has Whorl Patterns in fingers number 6 (value 16) and 8 (value 4). Looking at the fingers in the RIGHT Hand, you find a Whorl in the number 4 finger which has a value of 2. In the American System, the Primary is arrived at similarly, but the finger values are added for the Right Hand first, followed by the Left.Īmerican System of Classification Values. Together, these numbers form a Henry primary Classification of 15/1 There are no Whorls appearing in any of the odd numbered fingers, so the demominator would be: The numerator is: 1 (the base value) + 8 + 4 + 2, which equals 15. Looking at the even numbered fingers, you find Whorls in:įingers number 4 (value = 8), 6 (value = 4) and 8 (value = 2). The above example would have a Henry Classification of 15/1. Then all of the values for the ODD numbered fingers where a Whorl appears are added and used as the Denominator. The Henry System adds up all the values in each of the EVEN numbered fingers where a Whorl appears. To demonstrate the difference, we will make up a set of fingerprint patterns.įingerprint Patterns (Example). The major differences between the American and Henry Systems are the values which are assigned to the each of the fingers and the manner in which those vaules are accrued. Whenever a Whorl Pattern appears in a finger, the associated value of that finger is added to the base value of 1. The numerator and denominator of the fraction are arrived at by adding values associated with each of the 10 fingers. Primary Fingerprint Classifications come in the form of a fraction, such as 1/13, 23/2, etc. Advisory Boards, Commissions and Councilsįingerprint Classification Systems Compared.Gun Violence / Crime Reduction Initiatives.Navigation menu Division of Criminal Justice Services ![]()
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